Large Language models in urban planning

Cite as: Fu, X., Li, C., Quan, S.J., Wasserman D. Large language models in urban planning. Nat Cities (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-025-00261-7

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Abstract

The advanced computational capabilities of artificial intelligence, particularly large language models such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, offer great potential for addressing the complex developmental challenges faced by cities globally. These challenges are those that traditional urban planning methods often struggle to tackle. We explore how large language models can be leveraged to automate and support various urban planning tasks, providing nuanced computational support and advanced analytical capabilities. We highlight potential applications throughout the planning process and discuss the barriers and challenges involved. By setting a research agenda, we aim to foster the integration of artificial intelligence in urban planning, enhancing the field’s ability to create positive, inclusive and effective urban solutions.